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Personality Adjective Check List

Theory-based Assessment

Unlike most assessment devices, the PACL is grounded in a comprehensive theory: It was constructed and validated to match Theodore Millon's (1969/1983) interpersonally-oriented, biopsychosocial model of personality. As such, each PACL scale measures theory-derived characteristics directly and quantifiably. Because of this, a rich picture may be generated of persons completing the test.

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Clinically-relevant Measures of Normal Personality

Millon (1969/1983) views normal and abnormal personality as lying along a continuum or gradient, with normal and disordered forms of character sharing the same basic traits and characteristics. PACL scales were designed to measure normal versions of Millon's mildly pathological personalities, which are closely aligned with DSM Axis II constructs. Styles measured by the PACL are truly normal yet theoretically-related to their clinical counterparts. Since PACL scales were standardized on normal adults and are expressed as T scores, deviations from the mean can be readily interpreted in terms of a normal-abnormal continuum.

PACL Scale	Description	DSM construct
Introverted	Introverted and solitary; easy-going, quiet, and retiring; slow, methodical, inattentive to feelings	Akin to DSM schizoid
Inhibited	Shy and sensitive; considerate of others and empathic; cautious in social situations; wary of novelty	Related to DSM avoidant
Cooperative	Deferential and obliging; adaptive, even-tempered; can be naive and self-effacing	Similar to DSM dependent
Sociable	Extraverted and energetic; spontaneous, clever, attracted to novel situations; can be fickle and easily bored	Normal version of DSM histrionic
Confident	Bold and self-assured; charming yet aloof and self-preoccupied; may lack empathy for others	Akin to DSM narcissistic
Forceful	Assertive and strong-willed; competitive and self-reliant; can be gruff and insensitive	Related to DSM antisocial and aggressive
Respectful	Conscientious and conforming; responsible, industrious, rule-abiding; can be moralistic and inflexible	Similar to DSM compulsive
Sensitive	Unconventional and moody; individualistic, impulsive, and ambivalent; can be contentious and self-serving	Normal variant of DSM passive-aggressive/negativistic
PI (problem indicator)	Measures aspects of Millon's three severe schizoid, cycloid, and paranoid styles	High scores indicate maladaptive or problematic traits, and possible personality disorder

Large Normative Sample

Development, validation, and standardization of scale scores were accomplished separately for men and women based on the responses of over 2500 persons from across the United States comprising 20 separate samples. Subjects were between 16 and 72 years-of-age, represented all major ethnic groups (i.e., Black, Native American Indian/Eskimo, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, Asian), and were drawn from all regions of the United States.

Useful in Obtaining Self-reports and Ratings

The same instrument may be used for self-report, and for rating individuals, groups, objects, concepts, or anything else. Clinicians may rate their clients or, in personnel and organizational settings, the PACL may be used to assess supervisors, co-workers, work groups, work settings, etc.

Three Validity Indices Help You Identify Biased Tests

Empirically-derived indices assess (1) random/careless responding, as well as (2) "good" and (3) "bad" response sets.

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Last modified: July 11, 2003